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8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 1 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz functional diagram electrical specifcations, t a = +25 c, 50 ohm system, vdd = attn1vdd = attn2vdd = detvdd = +5v [1] the HMC992LP5E is ideal for: ? cellular/3g infrastructure ? wibro / wimax / 4g ? microwave radio & vsat ? test equipment and sensors ? if & rf applications wide gain control range: -10 to +38 db high output ip3: +40 dbm positive analog control: 0v to +5v confgurable with 1 or 2 attenuators 32 lead 5x5 mm smt package: 25 mm 2 the HMC992LP5E is an if analog controlled variable gain amplifer composed of two identical voltage variable attenuators in combination with an ingap hbt gain block mmic amplifer which operates from 0.1 to 0.8 ghz, and can be controlled to provide anywhere from -10 db attenuation, to 40 db of gain. the HMC992LP5E delivers noise fgure of 6 db in its maximum gain state, with output ip3 of up to +40 dbm. the HMC992LP5E is housed in a rohs compliant 5x5 mm qfn leadless package, and requ- ires no external matching components. parameter frequency min. typ. max. units gain (vctrl = 0v) 1 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 35 40 36 db db 2 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.3 ghz 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 32 38 36 33 db gain control range 1 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 25 20 db 2 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 48 42 db input return loss (vctrl = 0v) 1 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 15 12 db 2 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.8 ghz 12 db output return loss (vctrl = 0v) 1 attenuator operation 0.1 ghz 0.3 - 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 11 12 14 db 2 attenuator operation 0.1 - 0.8 ghz 12 db typical applications features general description parameter frequency min. typ. max. units
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 2 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz parameter frequency min. typ. max. units output third order intercept point (two-tone output power= 0 dbm each tone) (vctrl = 0v) 0.1 ghz 0.3 ghz 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 42 44 39 35 dbm dbm output power for 1db compression (vctrl = 0v) 0.1 ghz 0.3 ghz 0.5 ghz 0.8 ghz 18.5 18.9 19 18.8 dbm dbm noise figure (vctrl = 0v) 6 db supply current (idd) 215 ma power detector typ. typ. typ. units input frequency 100 500 900 mhz 3 db dynamic range 61 61 62 db detout slope 17.2 17.2 17.1 mv/db detout intercept -68.1 -68.6 -68.9 dbm veriation of detout with temperature from -40c to +85c @20dbm input -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 db [1] unless otherwise noted, test conditions: attn1 + attn2 + amp1 + amp2 in cascade. electrical specifcations (continued), t a = +25 c, 50 ohm system, vdd = attn1vdd = attn2vdd = detvdd = +5v [1]
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 3 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz gain vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [1] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) gain vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [2] gain vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [1] gain vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [2] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) gain vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [1] gain vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [2] [1] attn1 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v [2] attn1 + attn2 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 4 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c gain (db) vctrl (v) gain vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [1] gain vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [2] 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 gain (db) frequency (ghz) 1.5v 0v-0.1v 2v 2.5v 3v 4v-5v -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 gain (db) frequency (ghz) 1.5v 0v-0.1v 2v 2.5v 3v 4v-5v gain vs. frequency over vctrl [1][3] gain vs. frequency over vctrl [2][3] -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) input return loss vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [1] input return loss vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [2] [1] attn1 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v [2] attn1 + attn2 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v [3] at 25 c
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 5 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) input return loss vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [1] input return loss vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [2] -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) input return loss vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [1] input return loss vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [2] -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c input return loss (db) vctrl (v) input return loss vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [1] input return loss vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [2] [1] attn1 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v [2] attn1 + attn2 + amp1 + amp2 , ct1=0v
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 6 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) output return loss vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [1] output return loss vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [2] -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) output return loss vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [1] output return loss vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [2] -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) output return loss vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [1] output return loss vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [2] [1] attn1 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v [2] attn1 + attn2 + amp1 + amp2 , ct1=0v
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 7 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c output return loss (db) vctrl (v) output return loss vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [1] output return loss vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [2] 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c oip3 (dbm) vctrl (v) 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c oip3 (dbm) vctrl (v) output ip3 vs. vctrl @ 100mhz [1] output ip3 vs. vctrl @ 300mhz [1] 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c oip3 (dbm) vctrl (v) 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 +25c +85c -40c oip3 (dbm) vctrl (v) output ip3 vs. vctrl @ 500mhz [1] output ip3 vs. vctrl @ 800mhz [1] [1] attn1 + amp1 + amp2, ct1=0v [2] attn1 + attn2 + amp1 + amp2 , ct1=0v
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 8 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz [1] attn1 + amp1 + amp2 [2] at 25 c [3] vctrl= 0v [4] vctrl= 4v [5] ct1=0v 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 vctl=0v vctl=1v vctl=2v vctl=3v vctl=4v vctl=5v oip2 (dbm) frequency (ghz) 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 +25c +85c -40c oip2 (dbm) frequency (ghz) output ip2 vs. frequency over vctrl [1] [2] output ip2 vs. frequency over temperature [1] [3] -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 vctl=0v vctl=1v vctl=2v vctl=3v vctl=4v vctl=5v iip3 (dbm) frequency (ghz) -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 +25c +85c -40c iip3 (dbm) frequency (ghz) input ip3 vs. frequency over vctrl [1][2][5] input ip3 vs. frequency over temperature [1][3][5] 18.2 18.4 18.6 18.8 19 19.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 +25c +85c -40c op1db (dbm) frequency (ghz) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 +25c +85c -40c nf (db) frequency (ghz) output p1db vs. frequency over temperature [1] [4] noise figure vs. frequency over temperature [1] [3]
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 9 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz absolute maximum ratings vdd, detvdd, deten, detset,detrssi, amp1out, amp2out +5.6 v vctrl -0.6v to vdd+0.6v attn1in, attn2in input power +20 dbm amp1in rf input power +10 dbm amp2in rf input power +15 dbm detout output current 5 ma detin rf iput power 12 dbm junction temperature 125 c electrostatic sensitive device observe handling precautions continuous pdiss (t=85 c) derate 78.88 mw/c above 85 c 3.16 w thermal resistance (r th ) (junction to package bottom) 12.68 c/w storage temperature -65 to +150 c operating temperature -40 to +85 c esd sensitivity (hbm) class 1b outline drawing notes: 1. package body material: low stress injection molded plastic silica and silicon impregnated. 2. lead and ground paddle material: copper alloy. 3. lead and ground paddle plating: 100% matte tin. 4. dimensions are in inches [millimeters]. 5. lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative. 6. characters to be helvetica medium, .025 high, white ink, or laser mark located approx. as shown. 7. pad burr length shall be 0.15mm max. pad burr height shall be 0.25mm max. 8. package warp shall not exceed 0.05mm 9. all ground leads and ground paddle must be soldered to pcb rf ground. 10. refer to hittite application note for suggested pcb land pattern. package information part number package body material lead finish msl rating package marking [1] HMC992LP5E rohs-compliant low stress injection molded plastic 100% matte sn msl1 [2] h992 xxxx [1] 4-digit lot number xxxx [2] max peak refow temperature of 260 c
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 10 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz pin number function description interface schematic 1, 3, 5-6, 28, 30 acg1, acg4, acg5, acg6, acg3, acg2 ac ground capacitance connection pin. 2, 29 attn2out, attn1out these ports are matched to 50 ohms. blocking capacitor is required. 4, 9, 31 vdd power supply for the attenuator. external by pass capacitors are required. see application circuit. 7, 32 attn2in, attn1in these ports are matched to 50 ohms. blocking capacitor is required. 8 vctrl attenuation control voltage for the attenuator. 0v for minimum attenuation, 5v for maximum attenuation. 10, 11, 26 n/c no connection required. these pins may be connected to rf ground without affecting performance. 12 ct1 reserved pin and should be connected to ground. 13 detout logarithmic output that converts the input power to a dc level in controller mode. output voltage increases with increasing amplitude. pin descriptions
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 11 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz pin number function description interface schematic 14 detvdd power supply for the attenuator. external by pass capacitors are required. see application circuit. 15, 17, 22, 24 gnd these pins must be connected to rf ground. 16 detin detector rf input pin. 18 deten enable pin. apply ven > 0.8xvcc for normal operation. apply ven < 0.2xvcc to disable the detector. 19 detset set point input for controller mode. connect to detout with the resistor network shown in evaluation board drawing for detector mode. 20 detrssi connection for ground referenced external lowpass flter capacitor. 21, 25 amp2out, amp1out these ports are mathed to 50 ohms. external choke inductor and dc blocking capacitor are required. see application circuit. 23, 27 amp2in, amp1in these ports are matched to 50 ohms. blocking capacitor is required. pin descriptions (continued)
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 12 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz application circuit
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 13 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz evaluation pcb 600-00117-00-3 rfout1 rfin1 rfin2 rfout2 rfout3 rfdetin detout vset vctrl gnd gnd vdd rssi deten + r4 c29 r1 j7 c10 c11 c14 c15 c16 c17 c18 c19 c2 c20 c21 c22 c24 c25 c5 c27 c30 c13 r10 r11 r13 r14 r15 r18 r2 r3 r5 r6 r8 r9 j1 j2 j3 j4 j5 j6 l1 l2 c3 c4 c6 c7 c8 c9 r25 list of materials for evaluation pcb eval01-HMC992LP5E [1] item description j1-j6 sma connector j7 dc connector header c2-c10, c22, c24 1 nf capacitor, 0402 pkg. c11, c14,c17,c19, c21,c25 100 pf capacitor, 0402 pkg. c13 33 f capacitor, tantalum c15-c16, c18, c20, c27, c29 0.1 f capacitor, 0402 pkg. c30 1 f capacitor, 0603 pkg. l1 110 nh inductor, 0603 pkg. l2 820 nh inductor, 0603 pkg. r1-r6, r9-r10, r13, r18 0 ohm resistor, 0402 pkg. r8 51 ohms resistor, 0402 pkg. r11, r15 10 kohms resistor, 0402 pkg. r14 1 kohms resistor, 0402 pkg. r25 240 ohms resistor, 0402 pkg. item description u1 HMC992LP5E if-automatic gain controller pcb [2] 600-00117-00 evaluation pcb [1] reference this number when ordering complete evaluation pcb [2] circuit board material: rogers 4350 or arlon 25 fr
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 14 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz application information introduction the HMC992LP5E is a complete high performance automatic gain control (agc) solution, housing a variable gain amplifer (vga) core and a control core in a single package. its unique vva technology provides constant oip3 over the entire control voltage range. the HMC992LP5E greatly simplifes the design of gain control loops by increasing the integration level and reducing the number of required circuit elements. the vga core of the HMC992LP5E is composed of two identical voltage variable attenuators followed by two gain block amplifers which operate from 10 to 800 mhz. the HMC992LP5Es control core features a high accuracy log detector. as shown in the functional block diagram, the HMC992LP5E combines all of these cores in a highly compact 5 x 5 mm plastic package, and offers an easy-to-use, temperature stable agc solution. the hmc992lp5s vga core has a fexible structure where a single attenuator (23db) or two attenuators (46db) can be used depending upon the dynamic range requirement. the HMC992LP5E is designed to operate in a 50 ohms impedance system. inputs and outputs of the HMC992LP5Es attenuators and amplifers (attin1, attout1, attin2, attout2, ampin1, ampout1, ampin2, ampout2) are broadband matched to 50 ohms single-ended and require only external dc blocking capacitors over the entire frequency band of operation. the input of the HMC992LP5Es built in log detector (rfdetin) is also broadband matched to 50 ohms with a single-ended input interface and does not require any matching components. the HMC992LP5E requires a single 5v supply with adequate power supply decoupling as recommended in the appli - cation schematic. figure 1a: the HMC992LP5Es vga confguration with 1 attenuator.
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 15 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz figure 1b: the HMC992LP5Es vga confguration with 2 attenuators. vga operation the HMC992LP5Es vga core can be confgured with one or two variable attenuators followed by two fxed gain amplifers for different control ranges as shown in figure 1a and figure 1b (basic connections are not shown). the blocks require only external dc blocking capacitors at their inputs and outputs for interconnections. note that the link between vctrl and detout pins must be broken for correct vga operation. the vctrl pin should be used to set the attenuation of the HMC992LP5E. gain control interface vctrl the vctrl pin is the gain control pin common to both of HMC992LP5Es identical voltage variable attenuators. the vctrl gain control voltage ranges between 1v and 4v. a vctrl control voltage of 1v provides the lowest attenuation, while 4v provides the highest attenuation. figure 2 represents the vga operation of HMC992LP5E with two attenuators and two amplifers for different gain control voltages applied to the vctrl pin. the output power increases linearly with the input power until the power saturation is reached when the vctrl voltage is constant. the useable input power range of such a system is limited by the satura - tion level of the fnal stage amplifer. so the input power level required for power saturation and the dynamic range of the
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 16 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz figure 2: pout vs. pin at 100 mhz, 1 attenuator -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 vctrl=1 v vctrl=2 v vctrl=3 v vctrl=4 v input power (dbm) output power (dbm) HMC992LP5Es vga is defned by the value of the gain control voltage applied to the vctrl pin. refer to the figure 2 for the useable input power range at different vctrl levels. when vctrl=1v, the gain of HMC992LP5Es vga with 2 attenuators is 39 db at 100 mhz. the input power required for 1 db compression point at the output is given by: pin1db = pout1db C gain (db) = 18 C 39 = -21 db. when vctrl=2v, the gain of the HMC992LP5Es vga with 2 attenuators is 25 db at 100 mhz. the input power required for 1 db compression point at the output is given by: pin1db = pout1db C gain (db) = 18 C 25 = -7 db. therefore, increasing the vctrl pin voltage reduces the gain of the HMC992LP5Es vga and increases input power level required for power saturation. when the input signal is weak, the attenuation level of the variable attenuators should be reduced. when the input signal is large; the attenuation level of the variable attenuators should be increased to achieve a constant output level. the gain control performance of the HMC992LP5E at 300 mhz is shown in figures 3a and 3b. the HMC992LP5E provides 24 db of gain control range with a maximum gain of 41.2 db when it is confgured in 1 attenuator + 2 ampli - fers mode, and similarly a 48 db of gain control range with a maximum gain of 39 db of gain when it is confgured in 2 attenuators + 2 amplifers mode. the HMC992LP5Es vga has a very fat linear-in-db gain control characteristic with a slope of -18.2 db/v for the 2 attenuator confguration and -9.1 db/v for the 1 attenuator confguration. the log-linearity error of the hmc992lp5 vga is typically less than 1db over the entire gain control range as shown in figure 3a and figure 3b. the relation between the gain of HMC992LP5Es vga and vctrl pin voltage can be approximated as given in equation (1). gain (db) = 52.5 C 9.1 x vctrl with one attenuator equation (1a) gain (db) = 61.0 C 18.2 x vctrl with two attenuators equation (1b) figure 3a: gain & gain conformance error vs. vctrl at 300 mhz, 1 attenuator + 2 amplifers confguration. 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 ideal gain -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 error gain (db) error (db) vctrl (v)
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 17 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz figure 3b: gain & gain conformance error vs. vctrl at 300 mhz, 2 attenuators + 2 amplifers confguration. -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 ideal gain -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 error gain (db) error (db) vctrl (v) noise and distortion as with any multistage vga consisting of voltage variable attenuators and gain blocks, the noise fgure (nf) and input referred distortion (iip3) characteristics of the HMC992LP5Es vga are dependent on the gain control voltage vctrl. when the attenuation level of the variable attenuators is set to minimum (maximum gain state), the noise fgure of the HMC992LP5Es vga is minimized; however the iip3 is degraded to minimum as well. the noise fgure and iip3 of the HMC992LP5Es vga increases with the attenuation level of the variable attenuators. for low attenuation levels, the noise contribution from the vga is important since the input signal is weak. for high atten - uation levels of the variable attenuators, the noise contribution from the vga is less important and the noise requirement of the vga is relaxed since the input signal is high. the noise fgure performance of the HMC992LP5Es vga at 300 mhz is shown in figure 4. the HMC992LP5Es vga delivers a noise fgure of 6 db in its maximum gain state when it is confgured in 1 attenuator + 2 amplifers mode. for low attenuation levels of the variable attenuators, iip3 is less important since high gain of whole vga improves dis - tortion performance at its output (oip3). for high attenuation levels of the variable attenuators, iip3 is more important because of low gain of whole vga. the distortion performance of the HMC992LP5Es vga at 300 mhz is shown in figure 4. the HMC992LP5Es vga provides an almost constant oip3 of up to +44 dbm in any state when it is confg - ured in one attenuator and two amplifers mode. figure 4: noise figure & gain & oip3 vs. vctrl at 300 mhz, 1 attenuator. 0 10 20 30 40 50 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 noise figure gain 0 10 20 30 40 50 oip3 noise figure, gain (db) oip3 (dbm) vctrl (v)
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 18 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz agc operation the HMC992LP5E can be confgured as an agc amplifer by using vga core and the built in log detector. an example for agc amplifer confguration of the HMC992LP5E is depicted in below fgure. figure 5: the HMC992LP5Es agc confguration with 2 attenuators. in agc amplifer confguration, the input signal is amplifed by the HMC992LP5Es vga. the output of the HMC992LP5Es vga core is fed back to the input of the HMC992LP5Es log detector (rfdetin) through an external coupler or attenu - ator to drop the maximum and minimum output level of the HMC992LP5Es vga to within the dynamic range of the HMC992LP5Es log detector. the HMC992LP5Es log detector produces a voltage at the output of the log detector (detout) proportional to the output power level of the HMC992LP5Es vga. the high impedance output pin detout is connected to the gain control pin vctrl of vga to form the agc loop. the vset pin is the constant output power set point of the agc amplifer. as a result of negative feedback, the gain of the vga is automatically adjusted to maintain a constant signal power level at the output of agc amplifer. the output signal power level is determined by the agc set point vset, regardless of the input signal variation.
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 19 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz agc set point interface vset in closed loop agc operation the output power level of the HMC992LP5E is controlled by the vset pin. an input volt - age between 0.2v and 1.2v should be applied to the vset input pin to control the output power level. the vset vs. the output power characteristic is shown in figure 6a and figure 6b for different input power levels and different coupler ratios used. the slope of the gain vs. vset characteristic is 57db/v and it is independent of the coupler ratio used. in closed loop operation the HMC992LP5E is able to automatically adjust the rf gain over a gain adjustment range of up to 46 db at 100 mhz. the HMC992LP5Es output dynamic range is a function of both input power level and the coupler ratio used to close the agc loop. the combined effect of the input power and coupler ratio on the output power dynamic range is presented in figures 6a and 6b. for high input power levels, the maximum level of output dynamic range is limited by the psat of the vga or the high - est detectable power level by the log detector. to eliminate any limitations that can arise due to highest detectable log detector, a high enough coupler ratio should be chosen to translate the maximum vga output power level to a value lower than the highest detectable log detector power level. figure 6a: output power vs. vset over input power, 2 attenuators @ 300 mhz. -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 input power = -25 dbm input power = -20 dbm input power = -15 dbm vset (v) output power (dbm) 20 db coupler is used -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 coupler= -10 dbm coupler= -20 dbm coupler= -30 dbm vset (v) output power (dbm) input power = -20 dbm figure 6b: output power vs. vset over coupler ratio, 2 attenuators @ 300 mhz.
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 20 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz similarly, the lower side of the dynamic range is limited by the noise foor of the vga or the lowest power level detect - able by the log detector. to eliminate any limitations on the lower side of the dynamic range, the coupler ratio should be low enough to translate the minimum vga output power level to a value higher than the lowest detectable log detector power level. please also refer to the log detector section for more information. figure 7a shows the output power vs. input power transfer characteristic of the HMC992LP5E over different vset voltages for a closed agc loop confguration. for low and high input power levels the HMC992LP5E attenuation rage is saturated and the output is a linear function of the input. for input power levels within the dynamic range, the HMC992LP5E automatically adjusts the attenuation level as shown in figure 7c to maintain a constant output power level. when vset=0.6 v, the output power level is set to -13 dbm and the HMC992LP5Es agc amplifer provides a gain control range of 46 db from -51 dbm to -5 dbm with an excellent ripple within 0.06 db. figure 7a: output power vs. input power over vset, 2 attenuators @ 300 mhz. -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 vset=0.4v vset=0.6v vset=0.8v input power (dbm) output power (dbm) 20 db coupler is used figure 7c: detout vs. input power over vset, 2 attenuators @ 300 mhz. 0 1 2 3 4 5 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 vset= 0.4v vset= 0.6v vset= 0.8v input power (dbm) detout (v) 20 db coupler is used figure 7b: output power vs. input power, 2 attenua - tors @ 400 mhz & vset=0.6v -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 +25c +85c -40c input power (dbm) output power (dbm) 20 db coupler is used
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 21 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz log detector the logarithmic detector of the HMC992LP5E converts the average envelope of rf input power to a proportional dc voltage at its output (detout), as shown in figure 8. in detection mode, the detout pin should be connected to the vset input. the HMC992LP5Es logarithmic detector employs a successive compression technology which deliv - ers 50 db of dynamic range (1db) with high conversion accuracy over a wide input frequency range. note that the link between detout and vctrl pins must broken and detout must connected to vset via 1k ohms resistor for logamp operation. the HMC992LP5Es logarithmic detector can be used in the controller mode where an external voltage is applied to the vset pin to create an agc loop. the linear-in-db behavior of the HMC992LP5Es vga and logarithmic detector creates a linear agc system. for linear operation, the signal fuctuations at the input of the log detector should remain within the dynamic range of the log detector. in closed loop agc operation, the HMC992LP5Es response to large input level changes is not slew-rate limited, and the speed of the transient response can be adjusted through loop flter capacitors c28 and c30 (see figure 5). to achieve maximum gain adjustment range of the HMC992LP5E, the coupler ratio should be chosen based on the output power desired. a coupler ratio which translates the output power to the center (-25dbm) of the usable dynamic range of the log detector should be chosen. the gain adjustment range of the hmc992l5e is maximized in this con - fguration. if the linear operation range of the HMC992LP5E is maximized by selecting the appropriate coupler ratio, the HMC992LP5E can handle larger changes in input level. for example, an input voltage of 0.6 v is applied to the vset pin to set the constant output power level to -13 dbm. a coupler ratio of ~12 db can be chosen to provide a maximum dynamic range of 46 dbm. figure 8: detout vs. input power over frequency. 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 100 mhz 300 mhz 500 mhz 800 mhz input power (dbm) detout (v)
8 automatic gain control - smt 8 - 22 for price, delivery and to place orders: hittite microwave corporation, 2 elizabeth drive, chelmsford, ma 01824 phone: 978-250-3343 fax: 978-250-3373 order on-line at www.hittite.com application support: phone: 978-250-3343 or apps@hittite.com HMC992LP5E v01.0811 if automatic gain controller (if-agc), 50 - 800 mhz loop bandwidth and response time the agc system has a response time to undesired input level fuctuations. response time and the stability of the HMC992LP5Es agc loop is determined by c28 and c30 in the application schematic. the HMC992LP5Es response to voltage changes in vset with c28=c30=1f when the input level is kept constant is shown in figure 9. figure 9: HMC992LP5Es gain control voltage when vset is toggled between 0.4v - 0.8v and input level is kept constant in closed loop. 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 vctrl (v) time (ms) pin= -30 dbm

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